Development of renewable energy is considered one of the ways to mitigate global warming and associated climate change effect. Sustainable energy development has become an issue of high priority in the national agenda of many countries. Renewable energy (RE) is considered as one of the essential components of a sustainable energy system of many countries and cities.

Followed the two weeks Earth Summit in Rio de Janeiro in 1992. The WSSD was held after a century in Johannesburg with leaders of governments, commercials, non-government organizations, green concern groups, etc. to focus the world's attention and direct actions toward improving our living standards and conserving our natural resources in a world that is growing in population.

The 1997 Kyoto Protocol shares the Convention's objective, principles and institutions, but significantly strengthens the Convention by committing industrialized countries : "Annex I Parties" to the Convention, to legally-binding targets to limit or reduce their greenhouse gas emissions. Amongst 164 countries that have ratified the Protocol to date, 35 countries and the EEC are required to reduce greenhouse gas emissions below their specific levels specified in the treaty targeting for a total cut in greenhouse-gas emissions of at least 5% from 1990 levels in the commitment period 2008-2012. The Kyoto Protocol entered into force in 2002.

By 2005, the installed Wind Energy Capacity in the globe was 57,000 KW ; 520,000,000 m³ of Solar Thermal were in operation and 80,000 geothermal system including heat pumps and aquifers were being built ; the annual production capacity of biogases and waste to energy was emerged to over 2,000,000 KW. Since then, followed by bolstering policy development and decision-making on international, national, and sub-national levels in the globe, it is expected an immense demand of renewable energies in developing and industrial countries is in rocket speed.